Introduction to ESP
(summary from Hutchinson, Tom and Waters, Alan. 1994. English for specific purposes: A learning-centred approach.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
What is ESP?
1. The
teaching of English which is designed based on the learners’ specific needs
2. A
sphere of teaching English: Business English, technical English, English for
tourism, English for medical
professional
Characteristics
of ESP:
1. Absolute
characteristics
a. Designed
to meet the specified needs of the learners
b. Related
in content (themes and topics) to particular disciplines, occupations, and
activities
c. Centred
on the language appropriate to those activities in terms of syntax, lexis,
discourse, semantics etc. and analysis
of this discourse
d. In
contrast with GE
2. Variable
characteristics
ESP
may be, but not necessarily:
a. Restricted
as to language skills to be learned (e.g. reading only)
b. Designed
for adult learners
c. Generally
designed for intermediate/ advanced students
d. May
use a different methodology from that of GE
The origin of ESP
After
the second-world war, there was an expansion of scientific, technical and
economic activity. As a result, an international language is needed- English.
Learning English was regarded as the key of international currencies of
technology and science. Learners also knew why they needed English.
b. A
revolution in linguistics
There
was a shift from the teaching which focused on Grammar into the teaching which
focused on the actual use of language
in real communication. The English needed by learners is analysed through the
linguistics characteristics of their specialist area of work/study. The motto
of ESP course design is: Tell me what you need English for and I will tell you
the English that you need.
c. Focus
on the learner There was a new focus in the teaching of English. The importance of the learners and their attitudes to learning was highlighted. The focus on learners’ needs and interests became more and more important for the course designer. In this way, the course should be relevant to the learners’ needs so that the learners have high motivation in learning.
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